X-rays
创建时间
Apr 10, 2024 08:22 AM
标签
Chest
PA and AP
posterior to anterior
从后到前，比起AP，心脏更贴近胸片（更大）
侧位：For the lateral view, the patient stands with the left side closest to the film, again to reduce magnification of the heart shadow.
AP：portable，病人unstable or ill 的时候使用的便携装置，不如PA
心脏伪影，线多，患者乱动（
Expiratory PA chest 呼气
pneumothorax and foreign body aspiration.
Lateral decubitus chest X-ray
利用重力检测，积液
液体分层
Pathology in the lungs can be broken down into conditions that fill the lungs and those that collapse the lungs. （肺部充盈和衰竭）
新冠肺炎：毛玻璃状
ground glass opacity and/or consolidation
看生词， small pleural effusion，少量胸腔积液
Abdominal
物质和诊断
Air
Too much air in the intestine can be seen in obstruction and hypodynamic ileus. (梗阻和低动力性肠梗阻).
肠外空气：穿孔（bowel perforation）
或术后
Fat
两侧有脂肪条纹，不对称需要考虑炎症
Soft tissue
The liver, spleen, kidneys, and urinary bladder (肝，脾，肾，膀胱) are the organs most likely to be seen on an abdominal film.
钙化组织也可以，例如胰腺钙化（pancreatic calcifications）
系统分析
Mineral，在腹部与钙化相关的疾病
Skeleton，寻找骨折，金属，人造物等
小肠梗阻（“stair-step” pattern）与结肠梗阻（Sigmoid volvulus, coffee bean）：
Musculoskeletal
bone tumours 骨瘤
There are three key descriptors of bone tumours. In order of least aggressive to most aggressive, they are geographic, moth-eaten, and permeative.
